Peptide Research Papers
Browse 806+ peer-reviewed citations across 100+ research peptides. All references sourced from PubMed and major medical journals.
Semaglutide and kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes (FLOW trial)
Perkovic V, Tuttle KR, Rossing P, Mahaffey KW, Mann JF, Bakris G, Baeres FM, Idorn T, Bosch-Traberg H, Lausvig NL, Pratley R; FLOW Trial Committees and Investigators
FLOW trial: semaglutide 1 mg reduced the risk of major kidney disease events by 24% and all-cause mortality by 20% in type 2 diabetes with CKD.
Once-Weekly Tirzepatide in Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes
Arslanian S, Hesse D, Embrey T, Zhu L, Ceja R, Sherwood V
Tirzepatide was superior to insulin glargine for HbA1c reduction in adolescents with type 2 diabetes in a phase 3 trial.
Tirzepatide for sleep apnea with obesity (SURMOUNT-OSA)
Malhotra A, Grunstein RR, Fietze I, Weaver TE, Redline S, Azarbarzin A, Sands SA, Schwab RJ, Dunn JP, Kinnecom C, Villa KF, Wu LH, Bhatt DL; SURMOUNT-OSA Investigators
Tirzepatide reduced Apnea–Hypopnea Index by 55–63% vs 5% placebo in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and obesity in SURMOUNT-OSA, with 42% achieving AHI <5 events/hour.
Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Loss (SURMOUNT-4)
Aronne LJ, Sattar N, Horn DB, Bays HE, Wharton S, Lin WY, Ahmad NN, Zhang S, Liao R, Bunck MC, Jouravskaya I, Murphy MA; SURMOUNT-4 Investigators
After 36-week lead-in, continued tirzepatide led to additional weight loss of 5.5% vs 14% regain with placebo over 52 weeks (SURMOUNT-4 maintenance trial).
Effect of tirzepatide on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis
Sanyal AJ, Bedossa P, Fraessdorf M, Neff GW, Lawitz E, Bugianesi E, Rinella ME, Anstee QM, Phalan M, Newsome PN, Roden M, Trauner M, Bhatia A, Bhatt D, Maan N; SYNERGY-NASH Investigators
Tirzepatide 10 mg and 15 mg significantly improved steatohepatitis resolution without worsening fibrosis in patients with NASH, demonstrating hepatic benefits beyond glycemic control.
Tirzepatide for sleep apnea with obesity (SURMOUNT-OSA)
Malhotra A, Grunstein RR, Fietze I, Weaver TE, Redline S, Azarbarzin A, Sands SA, Schwab RJ, Dunn JP, Kinnecom C, Villa KF, Wu LH, Bhatt DL; SURMOUNT-OSA Investigators
Tirzepatide reduced Apnea–Hypopnea Index by 55–63% vs 5% placebo in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and obesity in SURMOUNT-OSA, with 42% achieving AHI <5 events/hour.
Tirzepatide in heart failure with obesity (SUMMIT trial)
Packer M, Zile MR, Kramer CM, Baum SJ, Litwin SE, Menon V, Ge J, Weerakkody GJ, Minini P, Abrahamsen TE, Liisberg Poulsen HK, Ou Y, Romero-Zúñiga JJ, McMurray JJ; SUMMIT Trial Investigators
Tirzepatide significantly improved exercise capacity (6-min walk distance +18 m vs placebo) and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores in HFpEF patients with obesity (SUMMIT trial).
Tirzepatide in heart failure with obesity (SUMMIT trial)
Packer M, Zile MR, Kramer CM, Baum SJ, Litwin SE, Menon V, Ge J, Weerakkody GJ, Minini P, Abrahamsen TE, Liisberg Poulsen HK, Ou Y, Romero-Zúñiga JJ, McMurray JJ; SUMMIT Trial Investigators
Tirzepatide significantly improved exercise capacity (6-min walk distance +18 m vs placebo) and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores in HFpEF patients with obesity (SUMMIT trial).
Retatrutide reduces liver fat and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis markers
Loomba R, Hartman ML, Lawitz EJ, Vuppalanchi R, Boursier J, Bugianesi E, Yoneda M, Behling C, Cummings OW, Tang Y, Brouwers B, Robins DA, Nikooie A, Haupt A, Sanyal AJ
Retatrutide significantly reduced liver fat content by up to 81.7% after 24 weeks in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), with resolution of MASH in the majority.
Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes (SELECT Trial)
Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, et al.
SELECT trial showing 20% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events with semaglutide in overweight/obese patients without diabetes.
Semaglutide in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (STEP-HFpEF trial)
Solomon SD, McMurray JJV, Claggett B, de Boer RA, DeMets D, Hernandez AF, Inzucchi SE, Kosiborod MN, Lam CSP, Martinez F, Shah SJ, Desai AS, Bhatt DL
Semaglutide 2.4 mg significantly improved KCCQ-CSS and reduced body weight, 6-minute walk distance, and CRP in patients with HFpEF and obesity.
Triple hormone receptor agonism with retatrutide: a phase 2 trial in obesity
Jastreboff AM, Kaplan LM, Frías JP, Wu Q, Du Y, Gurbuz S, Coskun T, Haupt A, Milicevic Z, Hartman ML
Retatrutide 12mg once weekly produced mean weight loss of 22.8% at 48 weeks in adults with obesity, the highest weight loss observed for any investigational agent.
A single systemic injection of klotho improves working memory and cognition in aged primates
Leon J, Moreno AJ, Garay BI, et al.
Single IV injection of recombinant Klotho protein (10 mcg/kg) improved working memory in aged rhesus monkeys for at least 2 weeks - dose-dependent, GluN2B-mediated cognitive enhancement.
Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist for obesity (TRIPLE-G)
Jastreboff AM, Kaplan LM, Frías JP, Wu Q, Du Y, Gurbuz S, Coskun T, Haupt A, Milicevic Z, Hartman ML; Retatrutide Phase 2 Obesity Trial Investigators
Retatrutide (triple agonist at GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors) produced 17.5% weight loss at 24 weeks and 24.2% at 48 weeks in a Phase 2 trial, surpassing prior single and dual agonists.
CagriSema (cagrilintide + semaglutide) phase 2 weight loss trial
Lau DCW, Erichsen L, Francisco AM, Satylganova A, le Roux CW, McGowan B, Pedersen SD, Pieters A, Rosenstock J, Batterham RL
CagriSema (2.4 mg cagrilintide + 2.4 mg semaglutide) produced 15.6% weight loss over 32 weeks vs 5.1% and 8.8% for monotherapies, supporting the additive benefit of amylin+GLP-1 dual agonism.
Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for obesity: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial
Jastreboff AM, Kaplan LM, Frías JP, Wu Q, Du Y, Gurbuz S, Coskun T, Haupt A, Milicevic Z, Hartman ML; Retatrutide Phase 2 Obesity Trial Investigators
Retatrutide 12 mg achieved mean weight loss of 17.5% at 24 weeks and 24.2% at 48 weeks in adults with obesity, exceeding efficacy of dual agonists in phase 2 trials.
Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled phase 2 trial
Rosenstock J, Wysham C, Frías JP, Kaneko S, Lee CJ, Fernández Landó L, Mao H, Cui X, Karanikas CA, Thieu VT
Retatrutide produced dose-dependent HbA1c reductions of up to 2.02% and weight loss of up to 16.94% in a 24-week phase 2 trial in type 2 diabetes.
CagriSema (cagrilintide + semaglutide) phase 2 weight loss trial
Lau DCW, Erichsen L, Francisco AM, Satylganova A, le Roux CW, McGowan B, Pedersen SD, Pieters A, Rosenstock J, Batterham RL
CagriSema (2.4 mg cagrilintide + 2.4 mg semaglutide) produced 15.6% weight loss over 32 weeks vs 5.1% and 8.8% for monotherapies, supporting the additive benefit of amylin+GLP-1 dual agonism.
Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1, and Glucagon receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, phase 2 trial
Rosenstock J, Frias JP, Jastreboff AM, Du Y, Lou J, Gurbuz S, Thomas MK, Hartman ML, Haupt A, Bhatt DL
Phase 2 trial demonstrating retatrutide's efficacy in reducing HbA1c and body weight in type 2 diabetes, supporting triple receptor agonism as an effective therapeutic approach.
Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists on body composition
Lingvay I, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, Deanfield J, Emerson SS, Esbjerg S, Hardt-Lindberg S, Hovingh GK
Review of body composition changes with incretin-based therapies including triple agonists, showing up to 40% lean mass loss; importance of resistance exercise is discussed.
About This Research Database
This database catalogs peer-reviewed research on investigational peptides, including published studies from PubMed, major pharmacology and clinical journals, and regulatory-submission trials. All citations are sourced from primary literature.
Research categories include growth hormone secretagogues, metabolic peptides (GLP-1 agonists, GIP/GLP-1 dual agonists, triple agonists), tissue-repair peptides (BPC-157, TB-500), nootropic and neuroprotective peptides, anti-aging compounds, and immunomodulatory peptides such as thymosin alpha-1 and LL-37.
All compounds documented here are research chemicals under preclinical or clinical investigation. Information is strictly for scientific and educational use. Not for human clinical application outside of regulated research settings.